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DSM Reference Home
DSM-IV: Catatonic Schizophrenia
Patients with this subtype of Schizophrenia may exhibitextremes of behavior including catatonia. Some may allow there posture to be rearranged, holding the new position (catalepsyor waxy flexibility). Others may imitate sounds (echolalia) or movements(echopraxia) of others.
Diagnostic criteria for 295.20 (
Schizophrenia) Catatonic Type(Warning!)
A type of Schizophrenia in which the clinical picture is dominated by at least two of the following:
(1) motoric immobility as evidenced by catalepsy (including waxy flexibility) or stupor
(2) excessive motor activity (that is apparently purposeless and not influenced by external stimuli)
(3) extreme negativism (an apparently motiveless resistance to all instructions or maintenance of a rigid posture against attempts to be moved) ormutism
(4) peculiarities of voluntary movement as evidenced by posturing (voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures), stereotyped movements, prominent mannerisms, or prominent grimacing
(5) echolalia or echopraxia
Based on the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition APA
Research sources
| Topic | HYPNOSIS MISC |
| Reference | Shergill, S. S., Brammer, M. J., Williams, S. C. R., Murray, R. M., McGuire, P. K. (2000). Mapping auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia using func |
The online Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists most of the major psychological disorders and illnesses and lists the criteria that must be fulfilled in order for a diagnosis to be made. This resource is not a substitute for proper professional psychiatric diagnosis.
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Last Updated
07 January 2026
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Bill Frost - Clinical Hypnotherapist 2025